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The possible risks of leukemia from exposure to lower levels of radiation, such as from imaging tests like x-rays or CT scans, are not well-defined. The risk varies based on the amount of radiation given and what area is treated. Radiation treatment for cancer has also been linked to an increased risk of AML. Japanese atomic bomb survivors had a greatly increased risk of developing acute leukemia. High-dose radiation exposure (such as being a survivor of an atomic bomb blast or nuclear reactor accident) increases the risk of developing AML. Examples of topoisomerase II inhibitors include etoposide, teniposide, mitoxantrone, epirubicin, and doxorubicin. AML linked to these drugs tends to occur without myelodysplastic syndrome developing first. Examples of alkylating drugs include cyclophosphamide, mechlorethamine, procarbazine, chlorambucil, melphalan, busulfan, carmustine, cisplatin, and carboplatin.Ĭhemo drugs known as topoisomerase II inhibitors are also linked to AML. Often a patient will get a disease called a myelodysplastic syndrome before the AML. Patients with cancer who are treated with certain chemotherapy (chemo) drugs are more likely to develop AML in the years following treatment.ĭrugs called alkylating agents are linked to an increased risk of AML. Being treated with certain chemotherapy drugs Some studies have linked AML risk to heavy workplace exposure to formaldehyde, but this link has not been seen in some other studies. Benzene is a solvent used in the rubber industry, oil refineries, chemical plants, shoe manufacturing, and gasoline-related industries, and is also found in cigarette smoke, gasoline and motor vehicle exhaust, and some glues, cleaning products, detergents, art supplies, and paints. The risk of AML is increased if you have been exposed to certain chemicals.įor example, long-term exposure to benzene is a risk factor for AML. Cancer-causing substances in tobacco smoke are absorbed by the lungs and spread through the bloodstream to many parts of the body. Many people know that smoking is linked to cancers of the lungs, mouth, and throat, but few realize that it can also affect cells that don’t come into direct contact with tobacco smoke.
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The only proven lifestyle-related risk factor for AML is smoking. Being maleĪML is more common in males than in females. There are some known risk factors for acute myeloid leukemia (AML).ĪML can occur at any age, but it becomes more common as people get older. Others, like a person’s age or family history, can’t be changed.īut having a risk factor, or even several risk factors, does not always mean that a person will get the disease, and many people get cancer without having any known risk factors. Some risk factors, like smoking, can be changed. Different cancers have different risk factors. A risk factor is something that affects your chance of getting a disease, such as cancer.